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Name of the Disease Starting with J
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| Basics of Blood Transfusion |
The transfusion medicine (blood and blood product transfusion) is basically the study of antigen and antibodies to RBCs (red blood cells). The two most important factors of blood transfusion are ABO antigens and antibodies and Rh system, most important being the ABO blood group antigen system and Rh system is the second most important factor in transfusion medicine. Other factors such as transmission of infectious agents, immunologic and non immunologic reaction of blood and blood product transfusion are secondary to ABO blood group antigen system and Rh system. What is the importance of ABO antigens and antibodies?The ABO antigen system is the most important in blood and blood product transfusion (also called transfusion medicine) and was first recognized in the year 1900. The ABO antigens are present in the plasma and other body fluids as glycoprotein, although the ABO antigens are carbohydrates and attached to lipids glycosphingolipids or proteins (glycoprotein). H substance is the precursor on which antigen A and antigen B are attached. Addition of N-acetylgalactosamine forms antigen A and addition of galactose produces antigen B. individuals who can not form H substance due to lack of the gene form Bombay phenotype (Bombay blood group). |
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| Some Questions and Answers about Breast Feeding |
You may have some questions and doubts regarding breast milk, such as how long (till how many months of age) a baby should be given breast milk and about “exclusive breast feeding”. Many of these questions and doubts are clarified in this article. How Human milk is produced?During pregnancy female body secrete a hormone known as prolactin, which causes stimulation of breast cells to produce milk. The more mother breastfeed the baby the more is the production of milk, which do not depend on the size of the breast. Another hormone ‘oxytocin’ causes contraction of the tiny muscle cells within the breasts and squeezes the milk down the milk ducts towards nipple. These stimulations (contraction of muscles to express milk) take place every time baby is put to the breasts or the baby suckles. |
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Diseases with J
Diseases with J
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