Blood and blood products are collected as whole blood from donors in various anticoagulants. The blood and blood products which are used for transfusion are whole blood, packed red blood cells (PRBCs), platelet concentrates, fresh frozen plasma (FFP), cryoprecipitate, and plasma derivatives. Plasma derivatives are also used for transfusion such as albumin, intravenous immunoglobulin, anti-thrombin, and coagulation factor concentrates. Plasma derivatives are generally collected from several donors and pooled together and infectious organisms are removed by treating.

Separation of blood components from whole blood:

Blood is collected as whole blood of 450 ml (one unit of blood) in various anticoagulants. The whole blood is then processed to produce blood various blood components mentioned above. Most commonly blood is transfused as whole blood. To get blood components, whole blood is first separated by slow centrifugation into PRBCs and platelet rich/concentrated plasma.

In simple term “halitosis” is bad breath or unpleasant odor in breath or exhaled air and it is the third most common reason (dental carries and gum diseases are the commonest causes) why people visit dentists. There are several factors that affect the quality of the exhaled breath and all these factors can cause bad breath. Most people suffer from bad breath occasionally but for some people bad breath is permanent problem and the worst part is many (probably most) people with halitosis are unaware of their problem. Sometimes friends and relatives do not inform the individual about the bad breath, thinking that the person may not take it positively. The factors which may cause halitosis may be in the mouth, airways, GIT (stomach or esophagus).

The term “halitophobia” is used to denote fear of suffering from halitosis or the fear of those who are already suffering from halitosis.